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The “wheat belt” and “gold fields” of southern Western Australia are associated with a regional acid saline groundwater system. These environments present evidence of new brine evolution pathways and suggest the potential for future intense acid brine environments. Understanding acidification processes provides enhanced understanding of hydrosphere-lithosphere-atmosphere-biosphere interactions. Although these modern acid saline environments are relatively rare, they have both ancient terrestrial and extraterrestrial counterparts. The low pH formed by a combination of processes dependent upon the host rock lithology and mineralogy, climate, weathering, organisms, and time. These acid saline lakes and groundwaters have pH as low as 1.4 and salinities as high as 32% total dissolved solids. Our online platform, Wiley Online Library () is one of the world’s most extensive multidisciplinary collections of online resources, covering life, health, social and physical sciences, and humanities.The Yilgarn Craton of Western Australia hosts a regional acid saline groundwater system and hundreds of ephemeral saline lakes characterized by complex acid brines. With a growing open access offering, Wiley is committed to the widest possible dissemination of and access to the content we publish and supports all sustainable models of access. Wiley has partnerships with many of the world’s leading societies and publishes over 1,500 peer-reviewed journals and 1,500+ new books annually in print and online, as well as databases, major reference works and laboratory protocols in STMS subjects. Wiley has published the works of more than 450 Nobel laureates in all categories: Literature, Economics, Physiology or Medicine, Physics, Chemistry, and Peace. has been a valued source of information and understanding for more than 200 years, helping people around the world meet their needs and fulfill their aspirations.
MONO LAKE EVIDENCES SHOWING SHRINKING LAKE LEVEL GEO 5 PROFESSIONAL
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These events illustrate the difficulty of projecting a timetable for environmental changes, even in simple and well-studied ecosystems. This is largely because stream flows into the lake have been altered from recent historic patterns by the cessation of water diversions due to governmental and legal actions (prompted in part by the panels' findings) and by a prolonged drought. Projections about when critical lake levels might be reached, however, have not been met. At certain lake levels these changes would be expected to alter algal and invertebrate populations and the populations of aquatic birds that feed upon them or to disrupt breeding activities in gull colonies. Both panels concluded that, because of the simplicity of the lake ecosystem, ecological consequences of changes in lake level and salinity associated with continuing diversions were likely to be unusually clear-cut. These conclusions have been a major component of legal activities and the development of management plans for the lake and basin ecosystem. Despite differences in composition and approach, the two panels reached generally similar conclusions. We consider (1) how two independent panels of experts synthesized scientific information on the lake ecosystem to assess the environmental consequences of these changes, and (2) how the findings of these groups influenced policy decisions and how well subsequent changes in the lake matched expectations. Diversions lowered the lake level, increased the salinity, changed the availability of aquatic habitats, and altered the configuration of the shoreline and of islands that support breeding colonies of gulls. It has become the focus of an environmental controversy over the effects of 50 yr of diversions of water from tributary streams to supply water to Los Angeles. Because of its high salinity and alkalinity, Mono Lake, in eastern California (USA), is a relatively simple ecosystem.